Religion Of Java Yogyakarta and Solo

 Java Culture  5 Responses »
Jan 272011
 

The government of the Republic of Indonesia consists of 27 provinces. Some of them have a status as the Special Region. Those are the Capital Special Region of Jakarta as a capital of the country, the Special Region of Aceh and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. What is now called Special Region of Yogyakarta has come into being continuing the administrations existing In carrying out the local government administration it considers three principle those are decentralization, deconcentration and the assistance task.

The provincial Government carries out the responsibilities and authorities of the Central Government, on other hand carries out its autonomous responsibilities and authorities.

The Regional Government consists of the Head of the Region and the Legislative Assembly of the Region. Such construction guarantees good cooperation between the Head of Region and the Legislative Assembly of Region in order to achieve a sound regional government administration. The Head of the Special Region of Yogyakarta has got responsibility as the Head of the Territory and titled as a Governor.

The first Governor was the late HRH. Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX, Sultan of Yogyakarta and continued by HRH. Paku Alam VIII as the Acting Governor up to at present. Unlike the other Heads of the Region Level in Indonesia the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta have got privilege or special status of not being bound to the period of position nor the requirements and way of appointment. However in carrying out their duties they have got the same authorities and responsibilities.

The remains of Shivaite Hinduism civilization is the ruins of an eldest Shivaite Hinduism Temple in Dieng Plateau with its height more than 2000 meters above of the sea level and lies about 125 kilometers northwest of Yogyakarta. The Cailendra Dynasty continued to rule over Mataram Kingdom for more than a Century with the religion that were adhered is Mahayana Buddhism. Towards the middle of the 8th Century the Buddhist Ceilendra Dynasty brought the Central Java under their influence but without completely subjugating the Shivaite Hindu Sanjaya Dynasty. In the era of Cailendra Dynasty the civilization was in a good progress. The amazing fact is that more than one religion as well as religious sects could get along well with each other and a variety of societies live side by side in harmony. Continue reading »

 Posted by endank at 4:23 am  Tagged with: , , , , , ,

Music of Java

 Java Culture  1 Response »
Jan 272011
 

The Music of Java embraces a wide variety of styles, both traditional and contemporary, reflecting the diversity of the island and its lengthy history. Apart from traditional forms that maintain connections to musical styles many centuries old, there are also many unique styles and conventions which combine elements from many other regional influences, including those of neighbouring Asian cultures and European colonial forms.

[edit] Gamelan

Main article: Gamelan

The gamelan orchestra, based on metallic idiophones and drums, is perhaps the form which is most readily identified as being distinctly “Javanese” by outsiders. In various forms, it is ubiquitous to Southeast Asia. In Java, the full gamelan also adds a bowed string instrument (the rebab, a name illustrative of Islamic influence), plucked siter, vertical flute suling and voices. The rebab is one of the main melodic instruments of the ensemble, together with the metallophone gendér; these and the kendang drums are often played by the most experienced musicians. Voices usually consist of a male chorus gerong, together with a female soloist pesindhen; however, the voices are not usually featured in court gamelan (as opposed to wayang kulit, shadow puppet theatre) and are supposed to be heard discreetly in the middle of the orchestral sound. In these abstract pieces, the words are largely secondary to the music itself.

There are two tuning systems in Javanese gamelan music, slendro (pentatonic) and pelog (heptatonic in full, but focussing on a pentatonic group). Tuning is not standard, rather each gamelan set will have a distinctive tuning. There are also distinct melodic modes (pathet) associated with each tuning system. A complete gamelan consists of two of sets of instrument, one in each tuning system. Different gamelan sets have different sonorities, and are used for different pieces of music; many are very old, and used for only one specific piece. Musical forms are defined by the rhythmic cycles. These consist of major cycles punctuated by the large gong, subdivided by smaller divisions marked by the striking of smaller gongs such as kenong, kempul and kethuk. The melodic interplay takes place within this framework (technically called “colotomic structure“).

 Posted by endank at 4:12 am  Tagged with: , , , , ,

The History of Yogyakarta

 Java Culture  2 Responses »
Jan 272011
 

The History of Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta was founded in 1755 and was the capital of Mataram kingdom when the Dutch came along. The Dutch granted the kings by title Sultan of Yogyakarta territory. Yogyakarta was also the scene of Indonesia’s most successful rebellions against the Dutch – firstly with Prince Diponegoro who waged a holy war against colonial rule from 1825 to 1830, and also serving as the capital of the newly independent republic after World War II when the Dutch reoccupied Batavia (Jakarta).

People have lived in Central Java and Yogyakarta area since immemorial time as over the centuries they have been attracted by the rich soil caused by the numerous volcanic eruptions. The earliest recorded history dares from the 9th century and was dominated by Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms that gave rise to the magnificent temples such as Prambanan, Ratu Boko, Kalasan, Sambisari and Borobudur found in this area. Yogyakarta itself dates back to the 18th century. In the early 18th century, Pakubuwono II ruled the Muslim Mataram Kingdom of the time. After he passed away, there was a conflict between his son and his brother, which was encouraged by the Dutch who were trying to colonize the region on a ‘divide and rule’ basis. Continue reading »

 Posted by endank at 4:01 am  Tagged with: , , , , , ,

Solo Palace History

 Java Culture  3 Responses »
Jan 272011
 

History

Surakarta’s founding in 1745 has a mystical history. Following the sacking of the Mataram court at Kartosuro in 1742, the susuhunan, Pakubuwono II, decided to look for a more auspicious site. According to legend, ‘voices’ told the king to go to the village because ‘it is the place decreed by Allah and it will become a great and prosperous city’.

Pakubuwono II died after only fours years in the city, and his heir, Pakubuwono III, managed to lose half of his kingdom to the court of Yogyakarta. Pakubuwono X (1893–1938), however, had more luck. He revived the prestige of the court through the promotion of culture and gave no time to fighting rival royals.

Following WWII, the royal court fumbled opportunities to play a positive role in the revolution, and lost out badly to Yog­yakarta, which became the seat of the independence government. The palaces of the city soon became mere symbols of ancient Javanese feudalism and aristocracy. Continue reading »

 Posted by endank at 3:47 am  Tagged with: , , , , , ,
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